恩诺沙星与Cu复合污染对白菜和西红柿根及芽伸长的抑制作用

抗生素恩诺沙星和重金属Cu是当今我国土壤中较常见的污染物。本研究考察了恩诺沙星与Cu复合污染对砖红壤中白菜和西红柿种子的根及芽伸长的影响,以评估恩诺沙星和Cu复合污染潜在的生态风险。结果表明,加入不同浓度的Cu时,土壤中的恩诺沙星浓度与2种作物的根伸长和芽伸长的抑制率均显著相关(P0.05);白菜的敏感性均大于西红柿;白菜和西红柿的根伸长对复合污染的生态毒性的敏感性均较芽伸长更高;与单一恩诺沙星胁迫相比,在恩诺沙星与Cu(100 mg·kg~(-1))或Cu(300 mg·kg~(-1))复合污染下,二者对白菜和西红柿的根及芽伸长抑制效应均表现为协同作用。试验结果在揭示恩诺沙星与Cu复合污染的生态毒性效应的同时,也为重金属和抗生素复合污染的生态风险评价提供科学依据。     

亚硝化颗粒污泥中EPS提取方法与组成特性的比较研究

以异养型好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)、普通活性污泥(AS)和厌氧颗粒污泥(An GS)为参照,考察了5种方法对亚硝化颗粒污泥(GNS)中胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取效果,以选出最佳方法,并通过测定蛋白质(PN)/多糖(PS)含量、三维荧光(3D-EEMs)与傅里叶红外(FT-IR)图谱,比较分析了GNS中EPS的组成特性.结果表明,甲醛-Na OH法能在有效保护细胞结构的同时,获得较高的EPS提取效率,而耗时更短的甲醛-热碱法对GNS也同样适用.尽管亚硝化颗粒污泥的EPS总量低于其他污泥样品,但高比例的PS成分有利于自养型微生物的固着生长.从可溶性微生物代谢产物(λEx/λEm=250~310 nm/320~380 nm)和芳香类蛋白质(λEx/λEm=200~250 nm/280~380 nm)所对应的荧光峰强度及红外图谱可知,GNS具有比AS更高的微生物活性和更丰富的结构性蛋白,且EPS组成更为简单.     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have beenwidely detected in the environment around the world. However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic, remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment, soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) to total DP (f_anti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18, 0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater, sediment, soil, andmosswas long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably themain source of DP.     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have been widely detected in the environment around the world. However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic, remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment, soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) to total DP (?_anti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18, 0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater, sediment, soil, and moss was long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably the main source of DP.     

新常态下我国环境政策的需求和建议

文章以新常态下经济社会新特点、新方向为出发点,分析了经济增速放缓、结构转型等对资源环境的新影响以及环境管理的新需求,并从释放政策潜力、激活市场活力、提高创新能力3方面,提出了我国环境政策发展的新思路与建议。     

用紫外光去除水中的二苯甲酮的研究

二苯甲酮广泛应用于医日用化工等领域,对生物机体具有重要影响,研究通过室内分析的方法,以185 nm紫外灯为光源,研究了水中的二苯甲酮在185 nm紫外光照射下的降解行为及浓度、体积、流速、pH等因素对二苯甲酮的降解效果的影响。结果表明：185 nmUV对二苯甲酮溶液有很好的降解效果,可以迅速将其降解为小分子有机物直至无机物,185 nm紫外灯为光源降解水中的二苯甲酮符合准一级动力学规律。 pH值对反应速率有很大的影响,185 nmUV对二苯甲酮溶液的TOC浓度有较好的降低效果。这种方法对水中二苯甲酮的去除率最好能够达到99％以上,是一种非常有效的去除水中二苯甲酮的方法。     

平江县生态弹性度定量分析评价研究

根据生态弹性力的概念,体会其深刻内涵及意义,根据区域实际情况,科学合理的构建平江县生态系统弹性力评价指标体系,运用综合评价的方法计算分析平江县生态系统弹性力,结果显示从2008年至2013年间,平江县生态系统弹性力呈下降趋势,主要原因是水资源总量下降,并对之后生态系统可持续发展和经济发展提出建议.     

Green finance,technological progress,and ecological performance—evidence from 30 Provinces in China

The interaction between green finance and other factors, such as ecological environment, has been a research hotspot nowadays. Especially, the reasonable guiding of capital into energy conservation and environmental protection industries would greatly affect those factors, so as to the relation between them. This paper aimed to analyze the relationships between green finance, technological progress, and ecological performance quantitatively. The entropy method was used to respectively construct the system of index for green finance and technological progress, and index for ecological performance was measured by the super-SBM model. The panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model was selected to empirically analyze dynamic relationships based on datasets from 30 provinces in China during 2008–2019 period. The results told that (1) from 2008 to 2019, China’s overall level of green finance, technological progress and ecological performance increased to varying degrees. Spatially, the areas with high-developed green finance greatly coincided with those such as large cities or the eastern coast that had good financial development. The distribution of technological progress index were similar, except some underdeveloped areas with relatively advanced scientific research institutes. The ecological performance, however, was high in the South and low in the north. (2) In the lag for 3 years, the influence of green finance on ecological performance in different regions was all positive for that all the coefficient symbols that passed the significance test were above 0, while that on technological progress was negative first and then positive. And the effects of technological progress on ecological performance were positive in ecological regions and negative in low ecological regions (0.0893 and -0.1211 in the case of three-stage lag respectively). (3) The contribution of green finance to ecological performance was high according to the results of variance decomposition, maintained at about 30%, and that of technological progress increased year by year (from 0.000 to 0.039). Therefore, we proposed to strengthen the development of green finance in underdeveloped regions. The emphasis should be laid on the researches and applications of green technology, the formulation of financing policies in innovation compensation and the establishment of a dynamic monitoring system for the ecological environment.

     

测定化学物对乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制毒性的微板吸光法研究

随着化学污染物种类与数量的日益增多,高通量测试方法显得越来越重要。基于乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)抑制法原理,以多功能酶标仪为测试设备,96孔微板为暴露反应载体,建立了测定化学物对ACh E抑制毒性的微板吸光法。系统研究了ACh E浓度、碘化硫代乙酰胆碱(ATCI)浓度、二硫代二硝基苯甲酸(DTNB)浓度对显色吸光度、吸光度变化速率、化学物测试毒性的影响。结果表明,随着ACh E、DTNB、ATCI的浓度增加,吸光度均增加;吸光度变化速率与ACh E浓度呈正相关,与DTNB浓度基本无关,与ATCI浓度呈现先增后减的双相关系;随着ATCI浓度增加,灭多威剂量-效应曲线(DRC)向右移动。最终建立的优化测试条件为DTNB 0.2 g·L~(-1)、ATCI 0.2 g·L~(-1)、ACh E 0.04 U·m L~(-1)、p H 6.8、反应温度29℃及暴露时间15 min;并与国标方法进行了对比与验证,发现试剂加样顺序对毒性测定结果有显著影响。基于ACh E的微板毒性测试结果表明,灭多威的DRC呈现良好的S型曲线,可用Weibull函数有效表征,拟合决定系数R2大于0.97,空白变异控制在了±10%以内。此方法可用于化学污染物的高通量毒性检测。     

纳米银对蒙古黄芪种子和幼苗的毒性研究与数据挖掘分析

探讨纳米银(AgNPs)对蒙古黄芪种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并基于文献数据讨论AgNPs对单一物种的影响是否与数据挖掘趋势相符合.蒙古黄芪种子置于9个不同浓度的AgNPs溶液中,每日观察并记录种子萌发情况.观察结束后进行萌发和生长指标测定,并基于实验结果和文献数据进行比较分析.结果 表明,随着AgNPs浓度升高,蒙古黄芪最终发芽率受到抑制,高浓度时显著降低(P＜0.05);浓度为600 mg·L-1和1000 mg·L-1时平均发芽时间显著高于其他处理组(P＜0.05);浓度升高到400～1000mg·L-1时,胚根长、子叶长和子叶宽受到抑制,显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);胚轴的长度未受到AgNPs浓度变化的影响;叶绿素和氮含量在AgNPs浓度为200 mg·L-1时开始显著降低(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,各浓度处理组(除20 mg·L-1外)的鲜质量与干质量均显著减少(P＜0.05);幼苗地上部分和地下部分抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化趋势基本一致.通过计算抑制率表明,600 mg·L-1和1000 mg·L-1的AgNPs对蒙古黄芪具有毒害作用.总的来说,实验结果部分符合数据挖掘模型趋势.比较几种分析模型发现,隶属函数法分析和主成分分析结果一致,meta分析比冗余分析更适用于单一物种趋势的预测.AgNPs抑制蒙古黄芪种子萌发,低浓度AgNPs对幼苗影响不明显,高浓度严重抑制幼苗生长.